Stage · 53 of 84 articles

Seed fundraising, from people who have done it

Seed is where most founders first meet institutional money, and where most fundraising advice is aimed. This collection covers the full seed playbook: readiness, target lists, running the process, pricing the round, and closing it.

paulgraham.com·September 2013 ·35 min read

How to Raise Money

Paul Graham's definitive essay on early-stage fundraising, distilled from watching hundreds of YC companies raise. Covers why fundraising feels harder than it is, breadth-first search weighted by expected value, getting to yes/no fast, and the dangers of raising too much or letting fundraising drag on.

Fundraising StrategyInvestor MeetingsPre-SeedHow-To
Read the breakdown
Y Combinator Library·2016 ·40 min read

A Guide to Seed Fundraising

YC's comprehensive seed fundraising manual: when to raise, how much, SAFEs vs. priced rounds, meeting mechanics, negotiation, and closing documents, written by a YC partner for first-time founders.

Raise ReadinessFundraising StrategyPre-SeedHow-To
Read the breakdown
celinehh.com·2021 ·20 min read

How I raised a $5.1M seed as a first-time, female, solo founder for a biotech moonshot

Halioua details exactly how she raised $5.1M pre-product for a dog-longevity biotech as a solo, first-time, female founder: building the narrative for a moonshot, sequencing investors, and handling deep-tech skepticism.

Fundraising StrategyStorytellingSeedFirsthand Story
Read the breakdown
Venture Hacks·April 2007 ·12 min read

The Option Pool Shuffle

The classic teardown of how VCs quietly lower your effective valuation by putting the option pool in the pre-money. Includes the math and negotiation scripts to fight back.

Term SheetsValuation & DilutionSeedHow-To
Read the breakdown
paulgraham.com·August 2008 ·25 min read

A Fundraising Survival Guide

Graham on the emotional reality of raising: why fundraising is demoralizing by design, why investors herd and stall, and how to keep morale and the company alive through the process. Written mid-financial-crisis.

Fundraising PsychologyObjections & RejectionPre-SeedHow-To
Read the breakdown
Medium·September 2013 ·15 min read

Postmortem of a Venture-backed Startup

The CEO of Sonar (millions of downloads, ~$2M raised) explains the company's death: chasing engagement over growth, a failed nine-month attempt to sell rather than cut costs, and how investor incentives shaped the endgame. Read by over a million people.

Failed RaiseFundraising PsychologySeedPostmortem
Read the breakdown
Medium·June 2014 ·25 min read

My Startup Failed and This is What It Feels Like

Durkin founded 99dresses at 18, got into YC, lost her co-founders, and watched committed funding fall through at the worst moment, killing the company. An emotionally raw account of a collapsed round, visa pressure, and winding down.

Failed RaiseFundraising PsychologySeedPostmortem
Read the breakdown
SparkToro blog·June 2018 ·15 min read

SparkToro Raised a Very Unusual Round of Funding & We're Open-Sourcing Our Docs

After his bruising VC experience at Moz, Fishkin raised $1.3M from 35 angels under a novel structure allowing profit-sharing distributions instead of requiring a huge exit, and open-sourced the legal docs so others could copy it.

Alternative CapitalTerm SheetsSeedFirsthand Story
Read the breakdown
tomblomfield.com·2021 ·20 min read

How to Raise Investment

The Monzo and GoCardless founder (later YC partner) condenses raising ~$400M across six years into a practical guide: sequencing angels before VCs, running a tight process, and why business quality dominates fundraising tactics.

Fundraising StrategyInvestor MeetingsSeedHow-To
Read the breakdown
blog.samaltman.com·2015 ·8 min read

Black Swan Seed Rounds

Altman observes that the best investments he's made were rounds nobody else wanted, and the hottest, most oversubscribed seed rounds mostly produced mediocre outcomes. Explains why consensus and quality are inversely correlated at seed.

Momentum & SignalingFundraising PsychologySeedContrarian View
Read the breakdown
NFX·2020 ·25 min read

The Non-Obvious Guide to Fundraising

A 4x founder turned VC lays out what actually drives fundraising outcomes beneath the standard advice: psychology, sequencing, the 'ladder of proof', and how VCs really talk about deals internally.

Fundraising StrategyInvestor MeetingsPre-SeedHow-To
Read the breakdown
Lenny's Newsletter·2022 ·25 min read

Raising a seed round 101

Aggregates advice from founders and investors who have collectively seen 1,000+ seed raises, organized as a step-by-step process with benchmarks for round size, dilution, timeline, and meeting counts.

Fundraising StrategyTarget ListSeedHow-To
Read the breakdown
preethikasireddy.com·2018 ·15 min read

What I Wish I Knew About Fundraising as a First-Time Founder

A former a16z partner turned founder describes how different fundraising looks from the founder's chair: what she got wrong despite knowing the investor side, and the gap between VC theory and founder practice.

Fundraising StrategyInvestor MeetingsSeedFirsthand Story
Read the breakdown
AVC·June 2014 ·6 min read

What Seed Financing Is For

Wilson's short, sharp definition: seed money is for building product and finding product-market fit, nothing else, and rounds sized or spent otherwise create broken cap tables and stranded companies.

Raise ReadinessFundraising StrategySeedContrarian View
Read the breakdown
Feld Thoughts·August 2005 ·10 min read

Term Sheet Series Wrap Up

Index to Feld and Mendelson's 2005 series explaining every clause of a VC term sheet: liquidation preferences, anti-dilution, protective provisions, drag-along, and which terms actually matter. Later became the book Venture Deals.

Term SheetsValuation & DilutionSeedHow-To
Read the breakdown
cdixon.org·August 2009 ·5 min read

The Problem with Taking Seed Money from Big VCs

Dixon's classic warning about signaling risk: when a large multi-stage VC seeds you and then declines to lead your A, the market reads it as a kiss of death, regardless of your actual progress.

Investor ResearchMomentum & SignalingSeedContrarian View
Read the breakdown
Both Sides of the Table·2012 ·15 min read

How to Develop Your Fundraising Strategy

Suster's process playbook: qualify investors like a sales pipeline, research partners not firms, sequence your best prospects after warm-up meetings, and manage the raise like an enterprise deal.

Fundraising StrategyTarget ListSeedHow-To
Read the breakdown
next big thing (Substack)·July 2020 ·12 min read

The Rise of the Solo Capitalists

Named and documented the solo-capitalist phenomenon: individual investors raising nine-figure funds and winning competitive rounds against firms, and what founders gain and lose by taking their money.

Investor ResearchFundraising StrategySeedData & Benchmarks
Read the breakdown
paulgraham.com·August 2013 ·15 min read

How to Convince Investors

Graham on the substance of persuasion: convince yourself first, be a domain expert, and make the truth about your startup legible rather than performing confidence you don't have.

StorytellingPitch DeckPre-SeedHow-To
Read the breakdown
paulgraham.com·September 2010 ·8 min read

High Resolution Fundraising

Argues for rolling closes on convertible instruments instead of monolithic rounds: take committed money immediately, reward early conviction with better terms, and dissolve the herd-waiting equilibrium among seed investors.

Closing The RoundMomentum & SignalingSeedHow-To
Read the breakdown
paulgraham.com·December 2014 ·8 min read

The Fatal Pinch

Defines the default-dead trap: moderate growth, months of runway, and an assumption investors will save you. Explains why bridge rounds usually don't come and what to do instead (cut costs or grow into default-alive).

Raise ReadinessFailed RaiseBridge / ExtensionHow-To
Read the breakdown
paulgraham.com·August 2007 ·12 min read

How to Present to Investors

Practical demo-day-era advice on presenting: explain what you do in the first sentence, show a demo, and optimize for being understood rather than impressive.

Investor MeetingsPitch DeckPre-SeedHow-To
Read the breakdown
Both Sides of the Table·2018 ·8 min read

I Know Everybody Told You to Send Your Fund-Raising Decks as a Link. Here's Why You Should Just Send the Deck

Suster argues against DocSend-style gated links from the receiving end: friction kills investor attention, deck-tracking paranoia is misplaced, and your deck's job is to travel inside the partnership without you.

Pitch DeckCold OutreachSeedContrarian View
Read the breakdown
michaelseibel.com·2015 ·8 min read

How to Pitch Your Company

Seibel's formulaic, repeatable pitch structure: a two-sentence company description anyone can repeat, traction, unique insight, market size, and the ask, with examples of each done well and badly.

StorytellingInvestor MeetingsPre-SeedHow-To
Read the breakdown
Y Combinator Library·2018 ·10 min read

Process and Leverage in Fundraising

Seibel on the mechanics of leverage: investors respond to scarcity and competition, so batch your meetings, create parallel processes, and never negotiate from a single-bidder position.

Fundraising StrategyMomentum & SignalingSeedHow-To
Read the breakdown
Y Combinator blog·2017 ·20 min read

How to Raise a Seed Round

YC partner Aaron Harris's operational seed-raising manual: preparing materials, building the target list, running meetings in a compressed window, and closing with SAFEs.

Fundraising StrategyTarget ListSeedHow-To
Read the breakdown
Y Combinator Library·2018 ·15 min read

Safe Financing Documents

The official home of the SAFE: current post-money SAFE documents, side letters, and YC's user guide explaining caps, discounts, and dilution math.

Term SheetsValuation & DilutionPre-SeedHow-To
Read the breakdown
Hustle Fund blog·2022 ·10 min read

How Fundraising Stages Work

Plain-language breakdown of what pre-seed, seed, and A actually mean now, what each stage's investors expect, and how round sizes and expectations have drifted from the labels.

Raise ReadinessFundraising StrategyPre-SeedHow-To
Read the breakdown
SparkToro blog·2021 ·15 min read

SparkToro Year 3 Retrospective: Investor Payback, Systemic Challenges, and V2 on the Way

Three years after the unusual angel round, Fishkin reports real numbers: profit-sharing distributions actually paid to investors, growth against plan, and honest assessment of the model's tradeoffs.

Alternative CapitalInvestor UpdatesBootstrapped / No RaiseFirsthand Story
Read the breakdown
elizabethyin.com·February 2024 ·5 min read

Introducing Raise Millions

Launch post for Raise Millions, Hustle Fund's free book-length compilation of tactical fundraising guidance drawn from thousands of pre-seed pitches; the post links the full free resource.

Fundraising StrategyCold OutreachPre-SeedHow-To
Read the breakdown
Coding VC·2016 ·15 min read

How to De-Risk a Startup

Polovets enumerates the specific risks investors price (team, market, product, execution, financing) and concrete actions that retire each one, reframing fundraising as selling reduced risk at increasing prices.

Raise ReadinessStorytellingPre-SeedHow-To
Read the breakdown
blog.samaltman.com·2015 ·6 min read

The Post YC Slump

Altman on the pattern where startups treat closing a round as the achievement, coast afterward, and die: fundraising success is a lagging indicator that buys time, nothing more.

Fundraising PsychologyRaise ReadinessSeedContrarian View
Read the breakdown
Elad Gil's blog·March 2011 ·8 min read

How Funding Rounds Differ: Seed, Series A, Series B, and C

Gil maps what each round is actually evaluated on: seed buys the team and idea, A buys early product signal, B buys proof the machine works, C buys scaling economics, with implications for what to emphasize at each.

Raise ReadinessFundraising StrategySeedHow-To
Read the breakdown
DocSend blog·2020 ·10 min read

A (Brief) Anatomy of a Successful Seed Raise

DocSend's dataset of thousands of real fundraising decks quantifies the seed raise: how many meetings successful raises take, how long investors actually read decks, which slides funded decks include, and seasonal timing effects.

Pitch DeckInvestor MeetingsSeedData & Benchmarks
Read the breakdown
The Startup (Medium)·2019 ·20 min read

A Seed Round Manual for Founders: Strategies, Pitch Prep, Valuation, Traps, Tips and More

A founder who raised $1.5M+ across UK and US investors documents the whole process as a manual: what worked, the traps she fell into, and differences between London and Valley investor behavior.

Fundraising StrategyPitch DeckPre-SeedFirsthand Story
Read the breakdown
First Round Review·2018 ·15 min read

Here's the Advice I Give All of Our First Time Founders

A First Round partner's standing advice to new portfolio founders, including how to work with investors after the round closes and how to set up the next raise from day one of this one.

Raise ReadinessFundraising StrategySeedHow-To
Read the breakdown
Substack·2023 ·15 min read

Founder Toolkit: How to raise your seed round from top VCs & Angels

A repeat founder and angel condenses his raising experience into a toolkit: list-building, sequencing angels and funds, materials, and close mechanics, with templates.

Fundraising StrategyTarget ListPre-SeedHow-To
Read the breakdown
Substack·2023 ·10 min read

Fundraising 101: I'm currently in NY! *Buys Flight to NY*

A young founder's candid, funny account of the performative side of fundraising: manufacturing 'I happen to be in town' moments, reading investor signals, and the theater everyone pretends isn't happening.

Investor MeetingsMomentum & SignalingPre-SeedFirsthand Story
Read the breakdown
Holloway·2019 ·300 min read

Holloway Guide to Raising Venture Capital

A book-length, edited, citation-heavy reference on the entire venture fundraising process, from instruments and terms through negotiation and close, reviewed by dozens of practitioners.

Fundraising StrategyTerm SheetsPre-SeedHow-To
Read the breakdown
AVC·January 2015 ·8 min read

Some Thoughts on Seed Investing

Wilson candidly reviews USV's own seed investing record and explains how a multi-stage firm actually thinks about seed checks, follow-ons, and the reserved-capital math behind them.

Investor ResearchFundraising StrategySeedFirsthand Story
Read the breakdown
tomtunguz.com·2016 ·30 min read

A Founder's Guide to Venture Capital & Startup Fundraising

Tunguz's index of his data-driven fundraising posts organized as a founder's guide: how VCs decide, round dynamics, valuation math, and negotiation, each backed by his analyses of actual funding data.

Fundraising StrategyValuation & DilutionSeedHow-To
Read the breakdown
tomtunguz.com·2019 ·5 min read

Second Seed Rounds: How They Impact a Startup's Ability to Raise a Series A

Quantifies the second-seed phenomenon: how common repeat seed rounds are and what they do, statistically, to a company's Series A odds and terms.

Bridge / ExtensionMomentum & SignalingSeedData & Benchmarks
Read the breakdown
hunterwalk.com·February 2018 ·6 min read

For Fundraising, Seed is No Longer a Round, It's a Phase

Walk reframes seed as a multi-year, possibly multi-round phase of proving core value, not a single event, with implications for how founders should structure and sequence early capital.

Fundraising StrategyRaise ReadinessPre-SeedContrarian View
Read the breakdown
hunterwalk.com·March 2017 ·4 min read

A Question About Risk That Founders Forget to Ask VCs

A short, sharp diligence-reversal tactic: ask every prospective investor 'what's a risk you're more comfortable with than the average VC?' and use the answer to test fit and conviction.

Investor ResearchInvestor MeetingsSeedHow-To
Read the breakdown
NextView Ventures blog·October 2019 ·7 min read

Which Fundraising Round Should You Skip?

With founders now raising 3-4 rounds before Series A, Go argues the total dilution math forces a choice: decide deliberately which round in the chain you'll skip, and shows how to reason about it.

Fundraising StrategyValuation & DilutionPre-SeedContrarian View
Read the breakdown
Venture Reflections (Substack)·2023 ·8 min read

It's All Pre-Series A Now

The leading pre-seed investor argues stage labels below Series A have lost meaning: everything before the A is one continuous proving period, and founders should plan capital and milestones accordingly.

Fundraising StrategyRaise ReadinessPre-SeedContrarian View
Read the breakdown
The Verge·November 2013 ·20 min read

Out of the picture: why the world's best photo startup is going out of business (Everpix)

The definitive reported account of Everpix's death: a beloved product with paying users that ran out of runway mid-raise; the founders later open-sourced their pitch decks, metrics, and investor pipeline. A masterclass in how good products die from failed fundraises.

Failed RaiseFundraising PsychologySeedPostmortem
Read the breakdown
Fem Impact Africa·2024 ·10 min read

Who Gets Funded to Build in Africa? Lessons from a $7.3M Nigerian Seed Round

Uses a $7.3M seed round raised by an American founder for a Nigerian-market app to examine who global VC actually trusts to build in Africa, and what local founders face by comparison.

Fundraising EthicsInvestor ResearchSeedContrarian View
Read the breakdown
Northflank blog·2023 ·15 min read

How to raise a seed round (from a former VC turned founder)

A former VC who crossed to the founder side demystifies the seed process from both chairs: board seats, how much to raise, investor selection, and the parts of VC behavior that only make sense once you've sat in the partner meeting.

Fundraising StrategyInvestor MeetingsSeedHow-To
Read the breakdown
Medium·June 2014 ·10 min read

Mattermark Has Raised $2M in Our Second Seed Round

Morrill explains publicly why Mattermark took a $2M second seed instead of the Series A she'd been pitching: two years of nonstop fundraising, a bridge from a customer-investor, and the honest math of raising below your hopes.

Bridge / ExtensionFundraising PsychologySeedFirsthand Story
Read the breakdown
Point Nine Land (Medium)·April 2020 ·8 min read

Are VCs Still Investing? The state of fundraising in the spring of 2020

Written inside the COVID shock: a VC candidly reports what his firm and peers were actually doing (versus saying) about new deals, and advises founders on raising into a frozen market.

Fundraising StrategyMomentum & SignalingSeedData & Benchmarks
Read the breakdown
Baremetrics Founder's Journey (Medium)·2017 ·12 min read

Getting Out of the Startup Rat Race

After raising a $500K seed and then nearly running out of money, Pigford describes negotiating with his investors to reset expectations and step off the venture growth track, with the actual numbers Baremetrics published all along.

Alternative CapitalValuation & DilutionSeedFirsthand Story
Read the breakdown
SaaStr·2024 ·6 min read

Dear SaaStr: What Are the Top Mistakes You See New Founders Make?

Lemkin's blunt list of first-founder mistakes, the fundraising ones foremost: assuming the next round is guaranteed, burning to a plan that requires it, and wasting months pitching the wrong investors.

Raise ReadinessFundraising StrategySeedHow-To
Read the breakdown